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    Portland cement - Wikipedia

    History

    Portland cement was developed from natural cements made in Britain beginning in the middle of the 18th century. Its … See more

    Composition

    ASTM C219 defines portland cement as:
    a hydraulic cement produced by pulverizing clinker, consisting essentially of crystalline hydraulic calcium silicates, and usually containing one or more of the following: water, calci… See more

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    Manufacturing

    Portland cement clinker is made by heating, in a cement kiln, a mixture of raw materials to a calcining temperature of above 600 °C (1,112 °F) and then a fusion temperature, which is about 1,450 °C (2,640 °F) for modern ce… See more

    Setting and hardening

    Cement sets when mixed with water by way of a complex series of chemical reactions that are still only partly understood. . A brief summary is as follows:
    The clinker phases - calcium silicates and aluminates … See more

    Use

    The most common use for portland cement is in the production of concrete. Concrete is a composite material consisting of aggregate (gravel and sand), cement, and water. As a construction material, concrete can be cas… See more

    Types

    Five types of portland cements exist, with variations of the first three according to ASTM C150.
    Type I portland cement is known as common or general-purpose cement. It is generally a… See more

    Safety issues

    Bags of cement routinely have health and safety warnings printed on them, because not only is cement highly alkaline, but the setting process is also exothermic. As a result, wet cement is strongly caustic and can easily … See more

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